The cardiovascular system and damage induced by coronavirus-2 infection
Keywords:
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, pandemic, cardiovascular diseases, coronavirus infectionsAbstract
Introduction: There are questions around the cardiovascular damage caused by coranavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which causes the disease known as COVID-19, which motivates interest in the subject.
Objective: To describe the cardiovascular manifestations in COVID-19 disease.
Method: A narrative bibliographic review was carried out through the documentary study of systematic reviews and original articles related to the cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19, from May to September 2020, at the University of Medical Sciences in Guantánamo. The search was carried out in the bibliographic databases Pubmed, Infomed, Medline, Science Direct, and SciELO. Google Academic search engine was used, and the keywords and connectors were COVID-19 AND cardiovascular disease; SARS-CoV-2 AND cardiovascular disease, and the terms in Spanish. Data extraction was carried out according to a template that summarized the questions of interest according to the objective of this review.
Findings: It is recognized that the systemic inflammatory response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 can damage the myocardium. Cardiovascular manifestations are frequent and varied, the most common are myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and acute coronary syndrome. Those individuals with cardiovascular disease are at risk of decompensation, increased risk of myocardial damage from this infection, and increased morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic determines cardiovascular damage that is expressed by the presentation of myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade; most common manifestations in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, which conditions unfavorable prognosis.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus; pandemic; cardiovascular diseases; coronavirus infections.
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