Epidemiological Aspects and Presence of Post-Vaccination Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Patients with No COVID-19 History

Abstract

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological aspects and the presence of post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients without COVID-19 history.

Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at Universidad Nacional San Cristóbal de Huamanga in Ayacucho, Peru, during 2021. The selected universe was 49 patients who agreed to participate in the research and had two doses of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Out of them, ten were negative and 39 positives. The variables analyzed included age group, sex, nutritional status, history of chronic non-communicable disease, as well as vaccines administered.

Results: There was predominance of patients aged 30-59 years (46.9%), with mean age of 39.82 and 16.17standard deviation. The female sex was the most representative with 59.2%, while 55.1% of the positives were found to be overweight compared to normal weight (OR: 0.19). Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus as chronic non-communicable diseases were present in 30.6% (CI: 0.23; 4.71) and 10.2% (0.10; 10.37) of the cases, respectively. Those who had two doses of Sinopharm predominated (36.7%).

Conclusions: A high percentage of patients developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies post-vaccination, especially those of the male sex, who were overweight, and had no history of chronic non-communicable disease. The presence of antibodies was more frequent in patients immunized with two doses of Sinopharm.