Characterization of lower urinary tract lithiasis

Abstract

Introduction: Bladder lithiasis is the presence of one or more calculi lodged in its cavity; according to its origin it is classified as primitive and migratory. The symptomatology of both is eminently obstructive.

Objective: To describe the clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic characteristics of lower urinary tract lithiasis in patients treated in the urology department.

Methods: An observational and descriptive study was carried out. The study universe was constituted by 47 patients with diagnosis of lower urinary tract lithiasis attended in the urology service of the Provincial University Hospital "Celia Sánchez Manduley", from 2016 to 2020. Variables such as: age, gender, skin color and origin, as well as predisposing factors, forms of presentation, diagnostic studies, topography of the lithiasis and the variants of surgical treatment applied were studied.

Results: Predominant age was 71 to 80 years (29.8 %), male gender in 89.3 % of patients, white race in 46.8 % and rural origin (61.7 %). Benign prostatic hyperplasia (42.5 %) was the most frequent predisposing factor and low obstructive urinary symptoms (38.3 %). The most frequently used diagnostic tool (85.1 %) was ultrasonography. The bladder was the most frequently encountered location (85.1 %) and the most commonly used surgical technique was adenomectomy + cystolithotomy in 42.5 % of patients.

Conclusions: Ultrasound was the most commonly used diagnostic method. Traditional surgical techniques were the most used, and the obstruction of the urinary tract that facilitated the emergence of lithiasis was resolved at the same time.