Risk factors for pulmonary thromboembolism based on a systematic review and meta-analysis
Keywords:
risk factors; pulmonary thromboembolism; systematic review; meta-analysis.Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary thromboembolism is a blockage of the pulmonary vasculature caused by blood clots. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening medical condition associated with many factors. However, not all risk factors have the same predictive value.
Objective: To evaluate the ability of a model based on a systematic review and meta-analysis to predict the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism.
Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of case-control cohort studies and meta-analysis was carried out. For this purpose, an electronic search of the literature was carried out for the various studies related to the topic from September 10 to December 31, 2024.
Results: The meta-analysis showed that the factors most strongly associated with the risk of pulmonary thromboembolism were, in order of importance: deep vein thrombosis increased the risk more than fourfold (OR: 4.03; 95 % CI: 3.04-5.35); followed by a history of sickle cell disease (OR: 3.09; 95 % CI: 2.05-4.68); active cancer (OR: 2.99; 95 % CI: 2.35-3.80); and finally, triglyceride values greater than or equal to 1,9 mmol/L (OR: 2.38; 95 % CI: 1.08-5.28). An index was obtained with thirteen factors, with item weights based on the OR values and approximated to whole numbers.
Conclusions: A significant association was found between the different risk factors and the likelihood of developing pulmonary thromboembolism. Heterogeneity between studies ranged from low to moderate.
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