Relationship of Body Composition and Clinical Status of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Keywords:
Keywords, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, body composition.Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic polyarticular inflammatory disease that evolves through crises. The synovial membrane is the first structure compromised with the alteration of cartilage, ligaments, capsule and bone. The presence of obesity worsens the prognosis.
Objective: To determine body composition and its association with clinical involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out including 761 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated at the Rheumatology Service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital from February 2020 to February 2022.
Results: The mean age in the study was 59.3 ± 13.8 years, with a mean time of disease evolution of 13.5 ± 9.9 years. The female sex predominated with 671 (88.2%) patients, 213 (28.0%) were classified as obese and of them 339 (44.5%) as overweight. The patients were characterized by an increase in body fat 457 (60.7%) and visceral fat 413 (54.8%), which was related to the presence of arterial hypertension 41.5 ± 8.8. The increase in the percentage of body fat 45.0 ± 9.6 and visceral fat 11.5 ± 2.5, together with the decrease in the % of lean mass 25.9 ± 21.4, was related to greater disability. Conclusions: Elevated body and visceral fat and decreased lean mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis were associated with lower functional capacity and higher disease activity.
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