Environmental Influences on the Schizophrenia Etiology
Keywords:
schizophrenia, etiology, environmental risk factors, pathophysiologyAbstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental illnesses, due to its onset in the middle ages of life and in some cases, in early ages. The etiology of the disease is still a well-discussed topic on which numerous hypotheses are raised.
Objective: To summarize the environmental elements that can affect an individual or his or her offspring and which are considered catalysts for one of the most deteriorating mental illnesses.
Methods: A review was conducted of 49 available research and update articles, written in Spanish and English that relate schizophrenia to its origin, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical expression, comorbidity, and prevention.
Results: Recent advances in neuroscience, imaging, genetics, epidemiological, pharmacological and research team work of these medical specialties have allowed better understanding of what happens with these patients. They demand social support and rehabilitation; it is a question of reducing the rupture of the vital line, which frequently occurs in them, which favors poor prognosis, due to the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions, aptitudes and qualities of their personality.
Conclusions: It is concluded that schizophrenia can be caused by a combination of genetic factors, environmental exposures in the early stages of the development of the individual that can range from adverse events during pregnancy, serious socioeconomic difficulties, extreme age of the parents, use of substances psychoactive such as cannabis, oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms.
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