Risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in patients diagnosed by ankle brachial index

Abstract

Introduction: Peripheral arterial disease is well known as a predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality, hence the importance of recognizing its risk factors.Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease in patients diagnosed by the ankle brachial index.Methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was carried out from September 1 to November 30, 2019. The universe consisted of 290 patients, a sample of 120 was used, determined by simple random sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used: Student's t test, prevalence odds ratio, and binomial logistic regression.Results: A total of 43 patients (35.8%) were categorized with ankle brachial index <0.9. The mean age of the population was 58.43 ± 16.69. The female sex predominated with 61 patients (50.8%). The average body mass index was 24.29 ± 3.29 kg / m2. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor in 67.5% of the patients. Risk factors were identified in ankle brachial index <0.9 at age ≥60 years (OR: 6.41; 95% CI: 2.04-20.1; p = 0.001); arterial hypertension (OR: 2.99; 95% CI: 1.02-8.73; p = 0.045); diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.34-11.3; p = 0.012) and dyslipidemia (OR: 4.35; 95% CI: 1.27-14.8; p = 0.019).Conclusions: Advanced age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were risk factors associated with peripheral arterial disease. Keywords: peripheral arterial disease; ankle arm index; arterial hypertension; Mellitus diabetes; dyslipidemia.