Factores de riesgo de tromboembolismo pulmonar, basado en una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis
Palabras clave:
factores de riesgo; troemboembolismo pulmonar; revisión sistemática; metaanálisis.Resumen
Introducción: La tromboembolia pulmonar es una obstrucción en la vasculatura pulmonar causada por coágulos de sangre. Es una afección médica grave y potencialmente mortal, y está asociada a muchos factores, sin embargo, no todos los factores de riesgo tienen el mismo valor predictivo.
Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad de predecir el riesgo de tromboembolia pulmonar de un modelo basado en una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de estudios analíticos de casos y testigos, de cohorte y metaanálisis. Para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de la literatura para los diversos estudios relacionados con el tema desde el 10 de septiembre al 31 de diciembre del año 2024.
Resultados: Se demostró en el metaanálisis que los factores con mayor asociación al riesgo de tromboembolia pulmonar fueron en orden de importancia: la trombosis venosa profunda incrementó el riesgo en más de cuatro veces (OR: 4,03; IC al 95 %: 3,04-5,35); seguida del antecedente de sicklemia (OR: 3,09; IC al 95 %: 2,05-4,68); el cáncer activo (OR: 2,99; IC al 95 %: 2,35-3,80); y finalmente valores de triglicéridos mayor o igual a 1,9 mmol/L (OR: 2,38; IC al 95 %: 1,08-5,28). Se obtuvo un índice con trece factores, con ponderaciones de sus ítems según el valor del OR y aproximado a números enteros.
Conclusiones: Se demostró la asociación significativa entre los diferentes factores riesgo y la probabilidad de desarrollar un TEP. La heterogeneidad entre los estudios fue entre baja a modera.
Palabras clave: factores de riesgo; troemboembolismo pulmonar; revisión sistemática; metaanálisis.
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